Frozen Shoulder
What is Frozen Shoulder?
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. It occurs when the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint thickens and tightens, restricting movement. Frozen shoulder typically develops gradually, with symptoms worsening over time. The condition can affect anyone, but it is more common in individuals aged 40 to 60, particularly women. Understanding frozen shoulder is crucial for patients, as it can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life.
Causes and Symptoms
The exact cause of frozen shoulder is often unclear, but it can occur after an injury or surgery that limits shoulder movement, such as rotator cuff surgery.
Certain medical conditions, including diabetes, thyroid disorders, and cardiovascular disease, may also increase the risk of developing frozen shoulder. Symptoms usually progress through three stages: the freezing stage, where pain gradually increases and range of motion decreases; the frozen stage, where pain may diminish but stiffness remains; and the thawing stage, where mobility gradually improves. Common symptoms include persistent shoulder pain, difficulty reaching overhead, and limitations in arm movement.
Treatment and Management
Treating frozen shoulder typically involves a combination of physical therapy, pain management, and, in some cases, medical interventions. Physical therapy is essential to restore range of motion and strengthen shoulder muscles. Exercises may focus on stretching and gradually increasing mobility. Pain relief options include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroid injections, or heat and ice therapy to alleviate discomfort. In severe cases where conservative treatments are ineffective, surgical options such as arthroscopic release may be considered. With appropriate treatment and patience, most individuals with frozen shoulder can achieve significant improvement in mobility and a return to normal activities.
